Patent Law

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By Audrey A. Millemann

Last month, the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals revised the test for infringement for the design patent. The new test, set forth in Egyptian Goddess, Inc. v. Swisa, Inc. (Fed. Cir, September 22, 2008), will make it easier for design patent holders to prove infringement.

 

In Egyptian Goddess, the plaintiff, EGI, sued the defendant, Swisa, in the Northern District of Texas for infringement of its design patent covering a rectangular, hollow nail buffer. Swisa moved for summary judgment of noninfringement. The court applied the two tests which a plaintiff must satisfy to prove infringement: (1) that the allegedly infringing product is substantially similar to the claimed design under the “ordinary observer” test; and (2) that the allegedly infringing product contains “substantially the same points of novelty that distinguished the patent design from the prior art.” The district court granted the motion, finding that Swisa’s nail buffer did not include the point of novelty of EGI’s patented design.Continue Reading Design Patents are Now Stronger

By Audrey Millemann

In Prasco, LLC v. Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp., 2008 WL 3546217 (Fed. Cir. 2008), the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals has further limited the test for subject matter jurisdiction in declaratory judgment actions. The court held that the test, previously expanded by the Supreme Court in MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc., 127 S.Ct. 764 (2007), requires affirmative actions by the patent owner to establish a case or controversy satisfying Article III. Continue Reading Federal Circuit Further Refines Declaratory Judgment Jurisdiction

By Audrey A. Millemann

On May 8, 2008, the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals heard oral argument in a case that may significantly change the patent landscape. The court is expected to clarify, and perhaps narrow, the test for business method patents.

The case is In re Bilski, case no. 2007-1130. The patent claims are directed to a method of hedging the costs of a commodity, specifically, a method of managing risks for consumers of commodities, such as energy, and for commodity providers. The patent application was filed in 1997 and rejected by the PTO under 35 U.S.C. §101 as nonstatutory subject matter. The applicant appealed to the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences, who affirmed the PTO’s decision in March 2006. The Board held that the applicant’s process was an abstract idea and therefore unpatentable. Continue Reading What is a Patentable Business Method? Federal Circuit to Decide

By Scott Cameron

After more than 150 years, the U.S. Supreme Court recently took exhaustion, or at least the doctrine of patent exhaustion, to new levels. The doctrine of patent exhaustion, also known as the first sale doctrine, has been used routinely to limit the patent rights that survive the initial authorized sale of a patented item. In QuantaComputer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc., decided June 9, 2008, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the doctrine and held that it applied not only to patents on an apparatus, but on a method as well. Continue Reading Even After 150 Years, Exhaustion Is Not Too Tired To Be A Good Defense

By Audrey A. Millemann

One of the requirements of a valid patent is enablement. As set forth in 35 U.S.C. section 112, paragraph 1, a patent’s specification must contain “a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same.” The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has explained that the enablement requirement is met “when one skilled in the art, after reading the specification, could practice the claimed invention without undue experimentation.” AK Steel Corp. v. Sollac, 344 F.3d. 1234, 1244 (Fed. Cir. 2003). Although anticipation or obviousness based on the prior art is a more frequently asserted basis for invalidating a patent in patent infringement litigation, the Federal Circuit’s decision in Sitrick v. Dreamworks, LLC, 516 F.3d. 993 (Feb. 1, 2008) suggests that lack of enablement may be becoming a far more powerful tool. Continue Reading Lack of Enablement – A Stronger Tool for Invalidity