By:Audrey Millemann

The Federal Circuit Court of Appeals has reaffirmed that patent applications must satisfy a written description requirement separate from the enablement requirement. In Ariad Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Eli Lilly & Co., 598 F.3d 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2010), an en banc Court of Appeals held that 35 U.S.C. §112, first paragraph, contains a written description requirement separate and in addition to the enablement requirement. 

The plaintiff, Ariad Pharmaceuticals, sued Eli Lilly for infringement of a patent pertaining to methods for using a transcription factor to modify gene expression. At trial, the jury found that Eli Lilly had infringed the patent and that the claims of the patent were valid. The district court denied Eli Lilly’s motion for judgment as a matter of law. 

Continue Reading There is a Separate Written Description Requirement

by Matthew Massari

On May 24, 2010, the United States Supreme Court issued a unanimous decision that may ultimately change the way pro sports teams and leagues can license team-owned intellectual property for merchandise and apparel items. The Supreme Court’s ruling in American Needle, Inc. v. National Football League et al., case number 08-66, struck a significant blow to the long-standing joint venture between the National Football League (NFL) and its 32 member teams to license and market team-owned trademarks through a single entity. The case stems from a licensing agreement the NFL made with Reebok International Ltd. in 2000 to be the exclusive manufacturer and marketer of hats bearing NFL team trademarks.

Continue Reading Supreme Court Strikes Blow to NFL’s Long-Standing Licensing Venture

by James Kachmar

On May 6, 2010, the Ninth Circuit issued its opinion in the case Au-Tomotive Gold Inc. v. Volkswagen of America, Inc., et al. in which it decided the issue of whether the sale of marquee license plates bearing Volkswagen badges that Au-Tomotive Gold (“Auto Gold”) had purchased from a Volkswagen dealer constituted trademark infringement or whether the sale of the plates was protected by the “first sale” doctrine. 

Continue Reading Auto Gold: Trademark Infringement and the “First Sale” Doctrine

By Zachary Wadlé

On April 19, 2010, the United States Supreme Court granted certiorari in Costco v. Omega, in which the Ninth Circuit found that the first sale doctrine in copyright law only applied to goods manufactured or sold in the United States with the copyright owner’s authority. The Supreme Court will decide whether the first sale doctrine also applies to the “one-way” gray market sale of goods –goods that are manufactured and first sold abroad and then imported to the United States without the authorization of the copyright owner.

Continue Reading Supreme Court Will Decide Direction of the “First Sale” Doctrine in Copyright Law

by Matt Massari

Patent lawyers have understood the consequences of sending a cease and desist letter to a potential infringer since the Supreme Court’s decision in MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc., 549 U.S. 118 (2007). After MedImmune, a party contemplating sending such a letter risks that the recipient may file for a declaratory judgment in their own jurisdiction.  This may require the sender to appear in a distant court, at their own expense.  Thus, the patent owner must be very careful when communicating with possible infringers. Several recent decisions have applied the MedImmune standard for declaratory judgment jurisdiction to trademark controversies, making it difficult for trademark lawyers to avoid exposure to a declaratory judgment action after contacting a potential infringer. 

Continue Reading Patent Minefield Now a Risk for Trademark Owners