IP Law Blog

By James Kachmar

In today’s economic environment, bankruptcy is often the only viable option for struggling businesses. In Jasmine Networks, Inc. v. Superior Court (Santa Clara County), the Court faced the issue of whether a bankrupt company could maintain an action for trade secret misappropriation when that company had sold its “trade secrets” in connection with the bankruptcy. The Court concluded that a plaintiff did not have to be the present owner of trade secrets in order to pursue an action for trade secret misappropriation. 

By Dale C. Campbell and David Muradyan

The Seventh Circuit and the Ninth Circuit do not agree on what constitutes “authorization” under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1030 (2004) (“CFAA”)?  The CFAA prohibits accessing computers “without authorization” or “exceed[ing] authorized access” to take various forbidden actions, ranging from obtaining information to damaging a computer or computer data.  See 18 U.S.C. § 1030(a)(1)-(7). Notably, the CFAA provides a private cause of action for persons who have suffered harm resulting from computer fraud.  Id. § 1030(g).  The CFAA provides, in relevant part: “Any person who suffers damage or loss by reason of a violation of this section may maintain a civil action against the violator to obtain compensatory damages and injunctive relief or other equitable relief.” Id. To assert a viable claim, the harmed plaintiff must allege, among other things, that the defendant intentionally accessed its information “without authorization” or “exceeds authorized access.” Id. § 1030(a)(2). Congress enacted the CFAA in 1984 to enhance the government’s ability to prosecute computer crimes.  LVRC Holdings LLC v. Brekka, 581 F.3d 1127, 1130 (9th Cir. 2009).  The CFAA was targeted to rein in hackers who illegally accessed computers to steal data or to disrupt or destroy computer functionality. Id. The CFAA was also designed to target criminals who possessed the capacity to “’access and control high technology processes vital to our everyday lives . . ..’”  Id. at 1130-31 (citing H.R. Rep. 98-894, 1984 U.S.C.C.A.N. 3689, 3694 (July 24, 1984).

by Zachary Wadlé

The Heart Attack Grill in Chandler, Arizona (http://www.heartattackgrill.com) is unabashedly unhealthful. The morbidly titled restaurant proclaims its food has “a taste worth dying for,” and offers to feed all patrons 350 pounds and over for free. The menu features single through quadruple ”bypass burgers” (actual quadruple bypass burger pictured above), "flatliner fries" deep fried in pure lard, unfiltered “Lucky Strike” cigarettes, and Jolt Cola, amongst other fulsome fare. 

by Scott Hervey

A basic prerequisite for the ownership and registration of a trademark is that the mark is “used in commerce.”  The Trademark Act defines “use in commerce” as the bona fide use of a mark in the ordinary course of trade. Under the Act, a mark is deemed to be used in commerce when: (i) the mark is placed in any manner on goods, their containers, their displays, on the goods’ tags or labels and, in certain cases,  on documents associated with the goods or their sale; and (ii) the goods are sold or transported in interstate commerce.

by Jeff Pietsch

A federal district court in Minnesota dismissed claims made under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (18 U.S.C. § 1030) (“CFAA”) for the receipt of unwanted text messages. The CFAA, which was originally adopted as criminal law to prohibit actions that damaged another’s computer system or stealing information from it, now permits a claim for civil damages. 

by Scott Hervey

After four years, the quest to obtain federal trademark protection for the mark MATTRESS.COM by owner 1800Mattress.com IP, LLC, formerly Dial-A-Mattress Operating Corp, has been put to bed. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has finally held that the mark is generic and not entitled to registration.

by Jeff Pietsch

Earlier this year, the Tenth Circuit court upheld a preliminary injunction granted in favor of an electronics equipment manufacturer against a reseller of its goods in a trademark infringement action. In Beltronics v. Midwest Inventory Distribution, the reseller (Midwest) argued that it was able to resell the manufacturer’s goods based on the first sale doctrine. The court, however, disagreed with this assessment and ruled that the resellers violated the manufacturer’s trademark rights because Midwest’s sales caused consumer confusion.

by Audrey Millemann

Several weeks ago, on November 9, 2009, the United States Supreme Court heard oral argument in a key patent case. The case is Bilski v. Kappos (the USPTO). The issue before the Court was whether the Court should reverse the Federal Circuit’s “machine-or-transformation” test for the patentability of process inventions. The Supreme Court’s decision will determine the extent to which processes (or methods), particularly business methods, are patentable.

by Dale Campbell

A central issue in all trade secret litigation is the adequacy of plaintiff’s pre-discovery disclosure of the alleged trade secrets. The Fourth District Court of Appeal has contributed to the growing body of case law interpreting the adequacy of the initial trade secret disclosure required by California Code of Civil Procedure section 2019.210. (Perlan Therapeutics v. Superior Court of San Diego County (November 4, 2009), 178 Cal.App.4th 1333.) Section 2019.210 provides that a plaintiff suing for misappropriation of trade secrets must identify the alleged trade secrets with “reasonable particularity” before commencing discovery. The Perlan decision joins two other recent decisions evaluating the particularity required in the plaintiff’s trade secret disclosure. (See Brescia v. Angelin (2009) 172 Cal.App.4th 133 and Advanced Modular Sputtering, Inc. v. Superior Court (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 826.) The Perlan court analyzes the Brescia and Advanced Modular decisions in addressing critical procedural and substantive questions.

By Zachary Wadlé

Most people are familiar with the concept of trademarks in the form of logos or words.  But intellectual property can also be embodied in sounds not represented by words and drawings, but rather musical notes and/or auditory tones.  While sound marks are not nearly as common as word marks, many sound marks are immediately recognizable, including Southwest Airline’s “Ding!,” MGM's roaring lion, AOL’s “You've got mail,” the Pillsbury Doughboy’s giggle, NBC’s chimes, Nokia’s default cell phone ringtone, and the Harlem Globetrotter’s theme song.  However, the legal requirements to register such sound marks are different than word marks, and much less well-defined by the courts.